Managing Infections in Children
When to See a Health Care Professional
This list may not include all possible symptoms. Babies and children who may be at higher risk because of other medical conditions may need care sooner. Get emergency care for any symptoms that make you feel worried or concerned.
Check out Saskatchewan Health Authority Symptom Checker.
At Home With Children With Respiratory Infections PDF
Effective Care Without Antibiotics: Not All Bugs Need Drugs
- When are antibiotics needed?
In otherwise healthy children, viral infections (and some bacterial infections) go away on their own. A “watchful waiting” approach can be used: wait to start antibiotics and watch symptoms for a couple of days to see if they improve. If kids don’t get better in two days or get worse at any time, antibiotics can be started. It is best to not wait in some situations, including children who:
- have severe symptoms
- are immunocompromised
- are at increased risk for complications from infections
Ask your doctor or nurse practitioner if an antibiotic is needed.
It is important to only use antibiotics when needed and to use antibiotics as prescribed. If people don’t use antibiotics properly, antibiotic resistance can occur. Antibiotic resistance is when bacteria change and get used to the antibiotics we use, and then antibiotics don’t work against them anymore.
Antibiotics may cause side effects like diarrhea, stomach upset, and may occasionally cause allergic reactions.
Alberta Health Services has a program called Do Bugs Need Drugs with great information about using antibiotics wisely. It is available in 25 languages and gives symptoms and management options for many common infections.
- Common illnesses that are viral and don't need antibiotics
- Influenza
- COVID-19
- Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)
- Common cold
- Gastroenteritis (“stomach flu”)
- Common illnesses that might need an antibiotic
See yellow flag/red flag symptoms for when to see a healthcare provider
Infection
Viral or bacterial?
Antibiotic needed?
Ear infection (otitis media)
Often viral
Healthcare provider will look deep into ears to look at ear drum and look for fluid
Sore throat (pharyngitis)
Usually viral; some cases are caused by a bacteria (Group A streptococcus)
Healthcare provider will do a throat swab to see if an antibiotic needed
Chest cold (bronchitis)
Cases in children are viral. Adults with COPD may have a bacterial infection
Not if viral infection
Sinus infection (sinusitis)
Most cases are viral
Usually only need an antibiotic if it’s been longer than 7 days of symptoms
Pink eye (conjunctivitis)
May be viral, bacterial, or allergic
An antibiotic may be needed if thick mucus and/or pus is present and keeps appearing even when wiped away
Urinary tract infection
Usually bacterial
Healthcare provider will determine if an antibiotic needed based on symptoms and testing
- Managing symptoms
The following resources provide medicine and non-medicine solutions to manage common conditions like fever, colds, and influenza.
- Caring for Kids: This website has pages dedicated to providing caregivers with information about common conditions and how to manage them.
- Fever and temperature taking
- Using over-the-counter drugs to treat cold symptoms
- Colds in children
- Influenza in children
- Alberta Health Services Health Education and Learning: this website covers symptoms and treatment of conditions including fever, common cold, influenza, and ear pain. The site also provides printable handouts. The information is available in 4 languages.
- Caring for Kids: This website has pages dedicated to providing caregivers with information about common conditions and how to manage them.
When Antibiotics are Prescribed
Different forms of antibiotics may be prescribed to your child including liquid, tablet, and capsule.
To make medication easier to take for a child, tablets can be split or crushed, and capsules can be opened and sprinkled. A pharmacist can help you do this safely.
- Tablets and caplets can be crushed between two spoons or with a pill crusher.
- Pill splitters and pill crushers can be purchased in pharmacies.
- Use a pill splitter to help split tablets and caplets. Pill splitters help divide tablets and caplets into equal pieces and help prevent cuts and injuries.
- To make the medicine easier to take, mix the medicine in small amounts (teaspoon or tablespoon) of soft foods (g., peanut butter, pudding, apple sauce, chocolate sauce).
- To get rid of the after taste, offer your child something that they like to eat or drink after giving the dose.
Your child may be ready to learn how to swallow tablets or capsules. Here are two resources to help:
- Help your child learn to swallow pills (McMaster Children’s Hospital)
- How to Swallow Pills (Dr. Bonnie Kaplan)
Contact Us
If you have any questions about medicine (including dosage, type, recommendations, etc.) or non-medicine solutions, you should always ask a pharmacist or contact us.
- med.sask@usask.ca
- 1-800-665-3784 (Saskatchewan)
- 306-966-6378 (Saskatoon)